Amyloid & Microclot Science Hub
Plain-language guides to amyloid tests, fibrin amyloid microclots, spike protein and Long COVID, with the studies behind them.
Spike Protein Antibody vs Antigen Testing: What Each One Measures
Spike antibody tests measure immune memory, not spike protein. What antigen testing adds, why detox protocols stall, and what a serious panel includes.
By Tim Ottowitz · Founder & Research Lead
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Latest Research
Peer-reviewed studies and clinical findings
Lipid Nanoparticle Membrane Dysfunction: What the Omics Data Show
A plain-English guide to lipid nanoparticle membrane dysfunction, explaining how ionizable lipids alter cell signaling, metabolism, and membranes.
Lipid Nanoparticle Biodistribution: Where mRNA Goes in the Body
A plain-English guide to lipid nanoparticle biodistribution research, showing how whole-body imaging tracks mRNA delivery to heart capillaries.
Anomalous Amyloid Microclots: Phenotypes and Phosphatidylserine
Explore the biophysics of anomalous amyloid microclots. Discover the 4 structural phenotypes, phosphatidylserine membrane flipping, and ThT microscopy.
Start Here
Essential guides to amyloid testing and microclots
Best at Home Microclot Test Kits in 2026: An Evidence-Based Guide
Compare at-home microclot test kits and clinical testing options. Learn how ThT staining, dried-blood stability, and turnaround times compare.
Amyloid Microclots Blood Test: Methods, Costs, and Home Kits
How to get an amyloid microclots blood test. Compare hospital research protocols with at-home ThT fluorescence microscopy kits, pricing, and turnaround.
Amyloid Test: The 4 Main Types and How Microclot Testing Fits
What an amyloid test checks for. Compare Alzheimer's blood tests, cardiac scans, liver SAA panels, and ThT amyloid fibrin microclot microscopy assays.
At-Home Microclot Test vs Clinic: Cost, Labs, and Accuracy
Compare at-home microclot tests with in-person clinic testing. Examine cost, wait times, sample stability, and 6K ThT fluorescence microscopy methods.
Browse by topic
- Amyloid TestingHow amyloid tests work, from fibrin amyloid microclot microscopy and Thioflavin T fibril staining to D-dimer and Alzheimer's blood tests.19 articles
- Fibrin Amyloid MicroclotsResearch on fibrinolysis-resistant fibrin amyloid microclots (fibrinaloid microclots), how they form, and why standard clot tests miss them.25 articles
- Spike ProteinWhat studies show about SARS-CoV-2 spike protein persistence, amyloid formation and its effects on clotting and the brain.14 articles
- Long COVIDEvidence-based explainers on Long COVID: microclots, spike persistence, immune changes, what testing can show and practical steps patients can take now.13 articles
- Post-Vaccination SyndromeWhat published research says about post-vaccination syndrome, spike-driven fibrin microclots, its overlap with Long COVID and the limits of the evidence.7 articles
- Treatments & TherapiesWhat the research says about nattokinase, lumbrokinase, DNase, apheresis and other approaches studied for microclots and Long COVID, and what is unproven.7 articles
- Brain & NeurodegenerationAmyloid cross-seeding, prion-like behaviour, Alzheimer's amyloid tests and what early spike protein research may and may not mean for the brain.4 articles
- Immune SystemNeutrophil extracellular traps, neutrophil elastase, amyloid as an immune defence and how the immune system shapes clotting and microclots in Long COVID.6 articles
All Resources
Browse our complete collection of research, news, and educational resources
Lipid Nanoparticle Membrane Dysfunction: What the Omics Data Show
A plain-English guide to lipid nanoparticle membrane dysfunction, explaining how ionizable lipids alter cell signaling, metabolism, and membranes.
Best at Home Microclot Test Kits in 2026: An Evidence-Based Guide
Compare at-home microclot test kits and clinical testing options. Learn how ThT staining, dried-blood stability, and turnaround times compare.
Amyloid Microclots Blood Test: Methods, Costs, and Home Kits
How to get an amyloid microclots blood test. Compare hospital research protocols with at-home ThT fluorescence microscopy kits, pricing, and turnaround.
Amyloid Test: The 4 Main Types and How Microclot Testing Fits
What an amyloid test checks for. Compare Alzheimer's blood tests, cardiac scans, liver SAA panels, and ThT amyloid fibrin microclot microscopy assays.
At-Home Microclot Test vs Clinic: Cost, Labs, and Accuracy
Compare at-home microclot tests with in-person clinic testing. Examine cost, wait times, sample stability, and 6K ThT fluorescence microscopy methods.
Nattokinase Flare vs Bleeding: Microclot Symptoms and Risks
Is your nattokinase flare a healing crisis or dangerous bleeding? Learn how to distinguish reperfusion symptoms from anticoagulant risks and microclots.
Flow Clotometry vs Microscopy: How Labs Actually Count Microclots
Compare flow clotometry with 6K video fluorescence microscopy for microclots. Learn how sample prep, hydrodynamic shear, and optics affect test accuracy.
Lipid Nanoparticle Biodistribution: Where mRNA Goes in the Body
A plain-English guide to lipid nanoparticle biodistribution research, showing how whole-body imaging tracks mRNA delivery to heart capillaries.
Anomalous Amyloid Microclots: Phenotypes and Phosphatidylserine
Explore the biophysics of anomalous amyloid microclots. Discover the 4 structural phenotypes, phosphatidylserine membrane flipping, and ThT microscopy.
Microclots Symptoms: Capillary Occlusion, Fatigue, and Dyspnea
Understand key microclots symptoms in blood and tissue. Learn why capillary hypoperfusion causes fatigue, brain fog, and breathlessness with normal labs.
Spike Protein Test: Antibody, Antigen, and Downstream Testing
Learn how spike protein tests work. Why antibody assays measure memory rather than active protein, and how downstream amyloid testing reveals microclots.
Positive Amyloid Test: What Results Mean and Doctor Questions
Received a positive amyloid test? Learn what ThT fluorescence microscopy detects, how microclot stages work, and specific questions to ask your doctor.
Does Long COVID Show Up on Blood Tests? What Normal Results Miss
Why routine blood tests look normal in long COVID: amyloid fibrin microclots resist breakdown, spike forms amyloid fibrils, and panels miss both.
Plasmapheresis and DFPP for Long COVID: Results From Japan and Germany
What DFPP and plasmapheresis remove, results from Edogawa Hospital in Tokyo, Dresden and Charité, and how they map to amyloid microclot and spike research.
Post-Vaccination Syndrome: Symptoms, Duration and the Spike Research
Post-vaccination syndrome symptoms, how long it can last, and what spike persistence, spike amyloid fibrils and microclot studies show about the cause.
SARS-CoV-2 Foam Cells: The 2025 Study on Lung Scarring and Clots
A 2025 Nature Microbiology study found SARS-CoV-2 turns lung macrophages into foam cells tied to scarring and clots. What it shows and what it can't prove.
Triple Therapy for Long COVID: What It Is and What the Evidence Shows
What triple anticoagulant therapy for long COVID involves, what the only published cohort found, why haematologists object, and the bleeding risks.
Amyloid Fibril Test: Methods Used to Detect Amyloid Fibrils
How an amyloid fibril test works: Thioflavin T, Congo red, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and seeding assays compared, with which are clinical.
Amyloid Fibrin Test: How Fibrin Amyloid Microclots Are Detected
What an amyloid fibrin test is, how Thioflavin T microscopy spots fibrin amyloid microclots, how it differs from D-dimer, and what it can't tell you.
How to Test for Microclots: Methods, Options and What Results Mean
How to test for microclots: the methods researchers use, why D-dimer can't detect them, where to get a microclot test and how to read the result.
Types of Amyloid Tests: Blood Tests, PET, CSF, Biopsy and Microclots
Compare the types of amyloid tests: Alzheimer's blood tests, amyloid PET, spinal fluid, amyloidosis biopsy and fibrin amyloid microclot microscopy.
What Are Microclots? A Plain-Language Guide to Amyloid Microclots
What microclots are, how fibrin folds into amyloid microclots that resist breakdown, the symptoms researchers link to them, and how they're tested.
COVID Vaccine Harms: What the 2025 JPandS Review Argues
A plain-language walkthrough of the 2025 JPandS review on COVID vaccine harms: what it claims, which sources hold up, and where the evidence is weak.
Is Spike Protein a Prion? What a 2026 Prion-Like Domain Review Shows
Is spike protein a prion? A 2026 review links spike prion-like domains to amyloid-beta and tau cross-seeding. Here's what's proven and what isn't yet.
SARS-CoV-2 Cell-to-Cell Spread: Nanotubes, Syncytia and Vesicles
How might SARS-CoV-2 spread from cell to cell without leaving? A simple guide to the nanotubes, fused cells and vesicles seen in a 2022 microscopy study.
Neutrophil Elastase and Spike Protein: How Amyloid Forms
Neutrophil elastase cuts SARS-CoV-2 spike into amyloid-forming fragments. A plain-English walkthrough of the 2022 JACS study and what it does not show.
Spike Protein Antibody vs Antigen Testing: What Each One Measures
Spike antibody tests measure immune memory, not spike protein. What antigen testing adds, why detox protocols stall, and what a serious panel includes.
Protein Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery: A Lipid-Free Alternative
How a Harvard team built ENTER, a lipid-free protein nanoparticle that carried mRNA, CRISPR and siRNA in cells and mice, and what the data can't show.
Spike Protein and Alzheimer's: The Spike Amyloid Cross-Seeding Study
Spike protein amyloid sped up misfolding of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta and prion protein in a lab study. What it shows about the brain, and what it doesn't.
Post-Vaccination Microclots: What the Spike-Fibrin Research Shows
What research says about microclots after mRNA vaccination: the shared spike sequence argument, the PV/PIS cohort findings, and where the evidence stops.
D-Dimer vs Microclot Test: Why a Normal D-Dimer Can Miss Microclots
D-dimer vs microclot test compared: what each measures, why D-dimer can read normal in Long COVID, and how Thioflavin T microscopy finds fibrin amyloid.
DNase and NET Clearance in Long COVID: Why Microclots May Persist
COVID-19 can lower DNase, the enzymes that clear NETs. What the DNase research means for lingering microclots in Long COVID, and what's still unproven.
Microclot Testing Labs and Treatment Centers: How to Choose
Compare microclot testing labs, research programs and apheresis or enzyme treatment options, with the questions to ask before you pay for any of them.
Amyloid-Beta Antimicrobial Peptide: Amyloid as an Immune Defense
Is amyloid-beta an antimicrobial peptide? How amyloid works as immune defense, what Meytal Landau's lab showed, and where spike protein fits in.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Long COVID: The Microclot-NET Study
A 2025 study found neutrophil extracellular traps tangled into microclots in Long COVID. What the paper measured, what it found, and what it can't prove.
Microclots and Long COVID: A Plain-Language Guide to Amyloid Clots
Microclots and Long COVID explained simply: what amyloid fibrin microclots are, how spike protein may be involved, what's proven and what's still open.
Living With Long COVID: A Practical Survival Guide for Right Now
A practical guide to living with Long COVID: what's known, what isn't, how to pace and track symptoms, red flags, and how to get more from appointments.
Nattokinase for Microclots: What Studies Show About Enzyme Therapy
Does nattokinase dissolve microclots? A plain review of the lab evidence for nattokinase, lumbrokinase and serrapeptase, plus the safety risks.
Spike Protein Amyloid Fibrils: How Spike685 Makes Clots Resist Lysis
How spike protein amyloid fibrils change fibrin clots: what the 2025 Linköping study found for Spike601 and Spike685, and what it cannot yet tell us.
Amyloid Microclots: What the Research Shows So Far
What studies show about amyloid microclots in Long COVID: how fibrin forms them, why they resist breakdown, the key findings and the open questions.
People Also Ask: Understanding Microclots & Amyloid
Clear, evidence-grounded answers to the most frequent clinical questions regarding microvascular hypoperfusion and amyloid diagnostics.